Basic income in Germany ( German: Grundeinkommen ), has been debated since the 1980s. There is a national network and many local groups. Some of the most famous proponents for the reform are Götz Werner , Katja Kipping and Susanne Wiest . German political parties who are working for a basic income are the Pirate Party Germany , [1] [2] Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, Die Violetten and since 2016 the Bündnis Gundeinkommmen , which gained admission to the German federal election in 2017. Read More…
German Working opportunities with additional cost compensation are set in § 16 Abs. 3 SGB II (Social Code, Book II). [1] These working opportunities are features of the social welfare (§ 19 BSHG: „charitable additional work“). Read More…
Social benefit to § 28 SGB II is a special performance of the German welfare system, which the social assistance (HLU) from the Twelfth Book
- are not of working age and
- 3 SGB II leben und live with able bodied people who qualify for benefits under SGB II, in a „unit“ within the meaning of § 7 para 3 SGB II (such as a family)
- if they are not entitled to basic protection under § 41 SGB XII.
In addition, not employable, are eligible for EED to the social benefit.
Germany has a universal [1] multi-payer health care system ( Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung ) officially called „sickness funds“ ( private Krankenkassen ) and private health insurance ( private Krankenversicherung ), colloquially also called „(private ) sickness funds „. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
The turnover of US $ 368.78 billion in 2010, equivalent to 11.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and about US $ 4,505 (€ 3,510) per capita. [7] According to the World Health Organization , Germany’s health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2004. [8] In 2004 Germany ranked thirtieth in the world in life expectancy (78 years for men). It was a very low mortality rate (4.7 per 1,000 live births3.3 per 1,000 persons, and 3.3 per 1,000 persons. In 2001 total expenditure on health amounted to 10.8 percent of gross domestic product. [9] Read More…
The Hartz concept , also known as Hartz reforms or the Hartz plan , is a set of recommendations submitted by a committee to the German labor market in 2002. Named after the head of the committee, Peter Hartz , these recommendations went on to become part of the German government ’s Agenda 2010 series of reform, known as Hartz I – Hartz IV. The committee devised thirteen „innovation modules“, which recommended changes to the German labor market system. The Hartz I measurements were then undertaken between January 1, 2003, and 2004, while Hartz IV was implemented on January 1, 2005. Read More…
The Agenda 2010 is a series of the German Government , a Social-Democrats / Greens Coalition at that time, which aims to reform the German welfare system and labor relations. The declared objective of 2010 is to promote economic growth and thus reduce unemployment. Read More…
Social security in Germany is codified on the Sozialgesetzbuch , or the „Social Code“, contains 12 main parts, including the following,
- Unemployment insurance and public employment agencies (SGB II and III)
- Health insurance (SGB V)
- Old age pension insurance (SGB VI)
- Invalidity insurance (SGB VII and IX)
- Child support (SGB VIII)
- Social care (SGB XI)
The Nordic model (also called Nordic capitalism [1] or Nordic social democracy ) [2] [3] refers to the economic and social policies common to the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Sweden). This includes a combination of free market capitalism and a comprehensive welfare state and collective bargaining at the national level. [4] [5] The Nordic model began to earn attention after World War II. [6] [7] Read More…
Flexicurity (a portmanteau of flexi bility and is curity ) is a welfare state model with a pro-active labor market policy. The term first coined by Was the social democratic Prime Minister of Denmark Poul Nyrup Rasmussen in the 1990s.
The term refers to the combination of labor market flexibility [1] in a dynamic economy and security for workers. Read More…
The European social model is a common vision many European countries have a society that combines economic growth with high living standards and good working conditions . Historian Tony Judt has argued that the European social model „binds Europe together“ in contrast to the “ American way of life „. [1]
European states do not use a single social model , but welfare states in Europe. These include a commitment to full employment , social protections for all citizens, social inclusion , and democracy. Examples common among European countries include universal health care , free higher education, strong labor protections and regulations, and generous welfare programs in areas such as unemployment insurance, retirement pensions, and public housing. The Treaty of the European Community set out several social objectives:promotion of employment, improved living and working conditions … good social protection, dialogue between management and labor, the development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion. [2] Because different European states focus on different aspects of the model, it has been argued that there are distinct social models in Europe – the Nordic, the British, the Mediterranean and the Continental. [3] [4] Read More…