Multi-level (or multilevel) governance is an approach in political science and public administration theory that originates from studies on European integration . Political scientists Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks developed the concept of multi-level governance in the early 1990s and continued to contribute to the research program in a series of articles (see Bibliography). [1] Their theory resulted from the study of the new structures that were put in place by the EU ( Maastricht Treaty) in 1992. Multi-level governance gives expression to the idea that there are many interacting authorities in the global political economy. It „illuminates the intimate entanglement between the domestic and international levels of authority“. Read More…
MedBridge is a European organization whose goal is to promote dialogue and mutual understanding between Europe and the Middle East . [1] Its aim is to make Europeans willing to be informed about the Middle East or to support Israeli-Arab peace efforts, to access the most direct, comprehensive and objective information possible on the political situation in the region. Read More…
In politics, lustration refers to the purge of government officials of the Communist system in Central and Eastern Europe. [1] Various forms of lustration were employed in post-communistEurope. [2] Read More…
This is a list of regional and minority parties in Europe .
Most of them are regionalist , some are autonomist or separatist , others represent minority interests. To be included in the list, parts need to be at least 3.0% at the country level or 3.0% in at least 500,000 inhabitants or 6.0% in those with at least 100,000 inhabitants. Read More…
Lautsi c. This article is a translation of the European Court of Human Rights , which, on March 18, 2011, explains the fact that the requirement for a child in the United States of America has not been violated by the European Convention on Human Rights . [1] [2] [3] Read More…
The range of processes of dissemination and harmonization resulting from a common European culture can be summarized under Europeanization . [1] Europeanisation appears at both, national and regional level and is determined by different types of adaptation pressures and „mediating“ institutions operating within different actors (bodies) of governance. [2] Europeanization emphasizes the involvement of local framework, development of more urban partnerships and the encouragement of multilevel territorial interaction. [2] Read More…
The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities ( FCNM ) is a multilateral treaty of the Council of Europe aimed at protecting the rights of minorities. [1] It came into effect in 1998 and by 2009 it was ratified by 39 member states. Read More…
Federal Union is a Pro-European British group launched in November 1938, to advocate a Federal Union of Europe as a post-war aim. The founders of the organization were Charles Kimber (1912-2008), [1] Derek Rawnsley and Patrick Ransome . [2] Other Noted members of Federal Union included Harold Wilson , Barbara Wootton , CEM Joad , Stephen King-Hall and Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian . [2] In 1940 the group set up at the Federal Union Research Institute (FURI), chaired by William Beveridge, to discuss the direction of post-war European integration . Attracted FURI contributors from across the political spectrum, Including FA Hayek , JB Priestley , HN Brailsford , Lionel Robbins and Arnold Toynbee . [3] Read More…
The European Young Conservatives ( EYC ) is a grouping of youth wings of conservative and center-right political parties in Europe.
As of 2014, the group has a membership of 26 political youth organizations from 22 different countries and territories, in addition to four associated members. The EYC is independent and not affiliated with any European political party , but maintains a non-exclusive relationship with the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (formerly known as the European Conservatives and Reformists ). Read More…
The European Free Alliance ( EFA ) is a European political coalition that consists of various regionalist [2] [3] political parties in Europe. Members parties advocate for full political independence and sovereignty , or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region. [4] The alliance has limited its membership to progressive parties; [5] therefore, only a fraction of European regionalist parties to the EFA. Read More…